Evaluation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Level in Male Hyperthyroidism Iraqi Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus

Background: FGFBP-3 plays a role in metabolic syndrome in mice by regulating fat and glucose metabolism. The FGFBP3 protein is secreted by adipose tissue and also functions in the central nervous system, similar to thyroid hormone. Thyroid dysfunction is the second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective: This study evaluates FGFBP-3 levels in patients with hyperthyroidism, both with and without DM. Methods: The study included 90 participants divided into three groups: 30 patients with hyperthyroidism and DM, 30 patients with hyperthyroidism without DM, and 30 healthy individuals as controls. Thyroid hormones (TSH, total T3, and total T4) were measured using the Minividas device. FGFBP-3 levels were estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich method. Additionally, lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and VLDL) were determined using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Results: The study found that TSH and HDL levels were significantly lower in both hyperthyroidism groups compared to controls. Conversely, FGFBP3, HbA1c, free T4, free T3, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels were significantly elevated in both hyperthyroidism groups relative to the healthy group. There were no significant differences in lipid profile levels between the hyperthyroidism with DM group and the hyperthyroidism without DM group. High serum FGFBP3 levels were observed in hyperthyroid patients regardless of DM status, whereas the control group exhibited lower FGFBP3 levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that FGFBP3 could serve as a biomarker for monitoring hyperthyroidism with and without DM. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a strong association between FGFBP3 levels and hyperthyroidism, irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus.