Modulation of COX-2, 5-LOX, and cytokine signalling by <i>Carica papaya</i> L. Leaf cultivar ‘Red Lady’ flavonoids in inflammation: <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-silico</i> insights

Inflammation is crucial for wound healing, but chronic inflammation leads to complications. <i>Carica papaya</i> L. leaves possess anti-inflammatory properties, and this study explores the effects of the Flavonoid Fraction of <i>C. papaya</i> (FFCP) leaf on inflammation and wound healing. In human PBMCs, the FFCP treatment efficiently reduced the activity of COX, LOX, iNOS, NO productions, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 into the culture media. Molecular docking revealed that glycosidic flavonoids were more potent COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors than aglycones. FFCP (100 μg/mL) significantly enhanced cell migration, closing the wound within 36 h. These findings suggest that FFCP possesses anti-inflammatory properties and promote fibroblast migration <i>in-vitro</i>, highlighting the potential therapeutic application of <i>C. papaya</i> flavonoids in inflammation management and tissue repair.