VIEWS ON FAMILY UPBRINGING IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN NATURAL SCIENTISTS OF THE LATE 19th - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

This article analyzes the concepts developed by Peter. F. Lesgaft, Ivan A. Sikorsky, Yegor A. Pokrovsky, and Vladimir M. Bekhterev, who integrated physiological, psychological, and pedagogical approaches to construct a comprehensive model of family-based child upbringing. The main focus is parent-child interaction, emotional bonding, cognitive development, value orientation and the activity-based approach. The study highlights the role of parents as primary educators and underscores the importance of their personal example. The findings demonstrate the continued relevance of these scholars’ ideas for shaping contemporary models of family education that combine humanistic and scientific approaches.