A Study on the Construction and Experience Evaluation of Immersive VR Museum Spaces from the Perspective of Environmental Art

With the growing use of virtual reality (VR) technology in cultural exhibitions, enhancing users' immersive experience in virtual museums has become a key challenge in design and research.This study aims to clarify the structural logic of immersion and identify the relative importance of its influencing factors, providing both theoretical insight and practical guidance for immersive space design.(Methods) Using Grounded Theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather user perceptions.Through open, axial, and selective coding, four core categories and fourteen sub-criteria were identified, forming a multi-level framework of immersive experience.To quantify their importance, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied.Ten experts in virtual exhibition design evaluated the criteria through pairwise comparisons and consistency checks.(Results) The results show that the most important factors for immersion include spatial path clarity (weight = 0.1880), rhythm and layering of light and shadow (0.1415), primary and secondary exhibition zoning (0.1201), immediacy of feedback (0.1023), and color tone consistency (0.0959).These findings highlight the key roles of spatial organization and visual design.The immersive experience was found to progress from spatial perception and visual engagement to behavioral interaction and emotional identification.While users are easily engaged by visual and navigational clarity, deeper cultural resonance requires stronger narrative and contextual support.By integrating qualitative insights with quantitative validation, this study establishes a structured weighting model for immersive experience.The findings provide practical guidance for designers aiming to enhance user engagement in virtual museums and other digital cultural environments.