Endoscopic Transoral Surgery for Skull Base Tumors

Endoscopic transoral surgery constitutes a significant advancement in the management of complexpathologies involving the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and ventral skull base. This minimally invasive approachutilizes natural orifices to access regions traditionally requiring extensive external dissection, thereby reducing morbiditywhile maintaining oncologic efficacy. Technological integration—including high-definition endoscopy, robotic assist-rhhzhyphen↲ance, and augmented navigation—has expanded the applications of endoscopic transoral surgery from initial diagnosticprocedures to sophisticated multiportal resections. Future advancements in flexible robotics and bioengineeredreconstruction promise to overcome current spatial constraints. This review synthesizes anatomical principles, technicalinnovations, clinical outcomes, and evolving paradigms, establishing endoscopic transoral surgery as the standard of carefor selected ventral skull base pathologies.