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This article explores the study of speech sounds that present pronunciation and spelling challenges in mother tongue education, as well as the development of correct pronunciation skills. Special emphasis is placed on fostering students’ ability to speak in accordance with the norms of literary pronunciation, which is identified as a pressing task. The article provides effective exercises focused on vowels and consonants, practical assignments, phonetic analysis, and methodological recommendations for teachers. Attention is also given to preventing pronunciation errors and explaining the relationship between correct pronunciation and spelling of words. The proposed methods aim to develop students’ ability to adhere to the norms of literary language in both spoken and written forms, thereby improving their fluency and clarity in pronunciation. This article can serve as a valuable scientific and practical resource for conducting high-quality mother tongue lessons in general education schools