Variation in Body Composition Parameters According to Type 2 Diabetes Risk Levels

Context: Variations in body composition parameters can significantly impact the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Proactive management of these parameters can play a crucial role in prevention. The objective of our study was to examine the variation in body composition parameters among patients at risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 333 patients. Diabetes risk was assessed using the FINDRISC score, and body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s post hoc test (95% CI, alpha = 0.05) were performed for comparisons using R software. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47 ± 13 years, with a female predominance (63%). Of the participants, 48.4% had a low risk, 28.5% had a high risk, and 6% were at risk of developing T2D within 10 years. BMI was highest among patients at risk of T2D within 10 years (34.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2). Muscle mass was highest in non-diabetic individuals (36 ± 6 kg) and lowest in the increased-risk group (22 ± 2 kg), while bone mass was highest in the same group (3.15 ± 0.51 kg). The percentage of body water was highest among non-diabetics (49.0% ± 6.7%), whereas the percentage of body fat reached its maximum in the increased-risk group (52% ± 4%). Visceral fat was also higher in patients at increased risk (13.7 ± 3.9 kg) and those at risk within 10 years (13.1 ± 1.1 kg). Conclusion: Body composition varies significantly according to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.