Ideas of communitarianism (based on the materials of the Russian cooperative)

The article notes the renewed interest in the cooperative movement as a form of communitarianism or collectivity, and notes dissertations devoted to the analysis of this kind of communitarianism. Practically in history, communitarianism has been represented in the form of artels, communities, and cooperatives. The term combining these concepts was proposed by the Russian philosopher N.A. Berdyaev. The increased cost of living and the greed of usury became the ground for the development of cooperation in Russia. The stages of development of cooperation in the history of Russia are presented. From the very beginning, she had to overcome the resistance of the officials. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the basics of professional cooperative education were taught by M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky, A.E. Kulyzhny, A.V. Chayanov, and others. The article analyzes the fundamental ideas of P.A. Kropotkin on the problem of moral and spiritual values of the Russian people in connection with their collectivist orientation: the facts of socialization of national property, elements of social production and distribution, traditions of mutual assistance and self-government. Kropotkin's views as an anarchocollectivist on the history and theory of the cooperative movement are correlated with the social theories of A.V. Chayanov and N.D. Kondratiev, and the practice of cooperative. It is noted that the ideas of communitarianism were shared not only by anarchists, they are supported by a number of modern researchers.