A dataset of spatial distribution of spruce forest biomass in Altai Mountains of Xinjiang in 2014

<p indent="0mm"> The Altai Mountains, located in northern Xinjiang, China, extend in a northwest-southeast direction and stand as a significant mountain range in the region. Spruce is an important tree species in Xinjiang′s mountainous forests, with Siberian spruce being the primary species distributed in the Altai Mountains. The Estimation of spruce biomass is crucial for assessing the forest ecological structure and carbon balance in Xinjiang. This dataset includes field survey data, topographic data, meteorological data, remote sensing data, and spruce biomass data, comprising 28 auxiliary variables. Field survey data were obtained through on-site surveys, and topographic data were derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Meteorological data were extracted using masking techniques in ArcGIS, while remote sensing data underwent preprocessing steps such as radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, and image mosaicking, followed by the calculation of vegetation indices RVI and NDVI. Spruce biomass was estimated using diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements and spruce biomass regression equations to calculate sample plot biomass and subsequently unit plot biomass. Correlation analysis using SPSS software was conducted to identify factors highly correlated with unit plot biomass, with NDVI showing the highest correlation and being selected as an auxiliary variable. Based on co-kriging, a spatial map of spruce biomass co-kriging interpolation was generated. To ensure data reliability, biomass interpolation as well as meteorological and DEM data processing were conducted in ArcGIS 10.2 and Excel 2010 using the co-kriging method, with cross-validation yielding an accuracy of RMSE = <sc>12.42 t</sc>/hm². This dataset provides essential data support for estimating spruce biomass in the Altai Mountains and offers scientific backing for future ecological research in the region.