Wholeness as an object of scientific and philosophical understanding in the XX – early XXI century (On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor L.P. Stankevich)

This article provides an rerview of the studies of the problem of wholeness in philosophy and science of the 20th – early 21st centuries. A comparative analysis of the main principles of understanding of wholeness and holistic objects in Russian and Western philosophy allows us to talk about the multidirectional interpretation of this concept, where its scientific and philosophical definitions moved towards each other, marking the formation of a new transdisciplinary research field. A comparative analysis of idealistic and materialistic interpretations of integrity in Russian and Western philosophy and science shows the dominance of a number of topics that continue to be central to the study of the problems of wholeness and holistic objects. These topics include issues of defining the properties of holistic objects, their structure, and classification. The most controversial issues remain the problems of transforming holistic objects and the methodological use of a holistic approach as an explanatory principle in the social and humanitarian sciences.