Analysis of Surface Material Design, Construction, and Optimization Measures of Qiang Zhuangfang Based on Physical Comforts

This study evaluates the thermal comfort and energy performance of Qiang Zhuangfang manor houses in high-altitude regions, using Mao County’s Heihuzhai settlement as a representative case. Field surveys, tabulated data analysis, and computer simulations were conducted to measure wall surface temperature, ambient radiation temperature, air temperature, and relative humidity, comparing Zhuangfang buildings with brick Qiang houses. Results show that Zhuangfang walls have minor surface temperature differences, lower thermal conductivity, and superior insulation—retaining heat in winter, blocking heat in summer, and reducing solar gain. Optimization measures were tested through a model, revealing that lowering the main structure by 0.1 m and adding a surface material layer improved insulation while maintaining load-bearing capacity. The findings confirm that Zhuangfang houses are better suited to the local climate, offering ecological benefits in energy saving and heat preservation.