Modern and prospective technologies for combustion enhancement in municipal heat power engineering

The article investigates the theoretical foundations and applied aspects of gas fuel combustion in municipal heat energy equipment. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of factors that determine combustion completeness, including temperature conditions, the degree of flow turbulence, uniformity of fuel–air mixing, composition of the fuel–air mixture, and flame aerodynamics. In the context of improving the efficiency and environmental safety of heat supply systems, modern methods of combustion enhancement are examined. Among them are laser ignition as a means of ensuring stable and controlled initiation of combustion, the use of electric and magnetic fields to influence ionized combustion products and accelerate oxidation reactions, and pre-ozonation of the fuel–air mixture to enrich it with a strong oxidizing agent. The article presents the results of a techno-economic analysis of the feasibility of implementing these technologies in the operation of municipal heat-generating systems. It is substantiated that the application of innovative approaches to combustion control makes it possible not only to increase energy efficiency but also to significantly reduce the level of harmful emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), which are among the main air pollutants. Furthermore, the implementation of such technologies contributes to the reduction of natural gas consumption and operating costs, while improving the sustainability of heat supply infrastructure. The paper also emphasizes the prospects for further research aimed at optimizing gas combustion parameters, integrating adaptive control systems, and aligning combustion technologies with modern standards of environmental protection, energy transition, and urban development. Special attention is also given to the potential integration of these technologies with renewable energy sources and intelligent thermal regulation systems, which may become crucial components of future energy-efficient and low-emission heating networks.