Chatbots integrated in the metaverse: a conceptual model based on interaction ritual chain theory

Chatbots are increasingly prevalent as conversational agents in the metaverse, enabled by commercial potential and artificial intelligence (AI) advancements that facilitate natural human-computer interaction (HCI). However, integrating chatbots as virtual community members remains challenging due to deficiencies in conversational and social intelligence. Current metaverse research prioritizes foundational infrastructure while neglecting commonalities between chatbots and community members. This gap is evident in the absence of standardized models for chatbots’ social capabilities. To address this, we propose a conceptual model of chatbots’ social capabilities based on the interaction ritual chain (IRC) theory, derived from a systematic analysis of 1,273 articles. Our qualitative methodology synthesizes 83 references, all of which dealt with the topic of chatbots and had direct or potential implications for the metaverse. The model addresses core challenges through four elements—virtual coexistence, dynamic constraint, shared intention, and positive incentive—providing solutions for chatbot integration. Finally, we examine social capability interrelationships and suggest future research directions.