Impact of Improved Cooking Technologies on Socio-Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Rural Households: A Case Study of DELAGUA Health Rwanda, TUBEHO Neza Project (2020 -2024)

This study evaluates the impact of improved clean cooking technologies on socio-economic and environmental sustainability in rural Nyagatare District, Rwanda. Despite national efforts, many rural households continue to rely on traditional biomass cooking methods, contributing to deforestation, indoor air pollution, and health risks. The research focuses on beneficiaries of the Tubeho Neza initiative, which promotes efficient cooking stoves, supported by the Ministry of Environment, NGOs, and social enterprises. Grounded in the theories of sustainability and change, the study assessed a sample of 367 households out of 4,458 beneficiaries. Data were gathered using mixed methods, including surveys conducted by community health workers, document reviews, interviews with 12 local leaders, three focus group discussions, and field observations. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation and regression analyses, were used to analyse the data. Findings reveal substantial positive impacts: 81% of respondents noted reduced indoor air pollution, 79% reported decreased deforestation and respiratory issues, 77.6% experienced financial savings, and over 80% cited improved kitchen hygiene and more time for income-generating activities. The quality and affordability of cooking stoves accounted for 90.3% of the variance in sustainability outcomes, indicating a strong positive correlation between improved stove adoption and socio-environmental benefits. The study concludes that clean cooking technologies significantly enhance household well-being and environmental health. It recommends government and NGO support through awareness campaigns, improved stove design, financial incentives, and further research on long-term impacts to ensure sustainable adoption and development