Content and preconditions of the emergence of digitalization in the functioning of socio-economic systems

The article examines the content and essence of digitalization as a multidimensional socio-economic process that transforms the basic mechanisms of functioning of modern society. The key technological, economic, social, political and institutional, cultural prerequisites for the emergence of digitalization are identified. Its impact on individual areas is analyzed: public administration, economy, education, healthcare and the social sphere. It is proven that digitalization is implemented as a holistic process that manifests itself differently at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels. It is studied that at the macro-level, transformation forms new guidelines for state policy, affects the competitiveness of the national economy and determines the vector of international integration; at the meso-level, it changes the internal structures of organizations, business models, management approaches, as well as mechanisms of interaction between sectors; at the micro level – transforms a person’s lifestyle, their digital skills, information habits, social roles and opportunities for self-realization. Key trends and analytical guidelines that determine the essence and direction of transformational changes are identified: digitalization as an inter-sectoral driver of transformations; reorientation to the efficiency and needs of the end user; integration of advanced technologies; strengthening the social dimension of digitalization; the key role of the state as an active subject of transformation. It is proven that digitalization appears as a system-forming factor of modern socio-economic development, and its effective implementation requires a strategic vision, investments in digital infrastructure, increasing the digital competences of the population, improving regulatory and legal regulation and inter-sectoral interaction. It is substantiated that a comprehensive, coordinated approach will make it possible to use the potential of digitalization to ensure innovative growth, social cohesion and global competitiveness of the state. Therefore, digitalization is gaining strategic importance as a tool for increasing state capacity, adapting to crisis challenges, and gradually integrating into the European digital space; digital initiatives demonstrate the high potential of digital technologies for modernizing public administration, education, healthcare, and social protection.