Magneto-convection and irreversibility insights of micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow in a wavy T-shaped enclosure for energy-efficient applications

This work explores magneto-convection and entropy generation for a two-dimensional, steady, laminar convective flow of micropolar hybrid nanofluid within a T-shaped enclosure featuring a wavy upper surface. An external magnetic field of constant magnitude, B0, is applied in the positive x-direction. To facilitate numerical analysis, a MATLAB code was created to implement the computational scheme within the ξ–η plane and derive solutions using iterative algorithms. The findings reveal that an upsurge in the Rayleigh number enhances buoyancy-driven convection and thermal efficiency but raises entropy generation due to sharper gradients, while a higher Hartmann number suppresses convection through magnetic damping, thereby reducing entropy production, particularly at high “Ra” values. Furthermore, higher surface undulations (d) lead to a reduction in convective heat transfer while simultaneously increasing entropy generation, an effect that becomes more pronounced as the waviness parameter (λ) rises.