Challenges and Advances in Boundary Layer Control on Aerodynamic Flow

Boundary layer control (BLC) is essential for enhancing an aircraft's overall performance, stability, and efficiency. It contributes to increased lift generation, decreased drag, and improved flying stability when controlled appropriately. The review outlines the challenges and recent advances in BLC techniques within the context of aerodynamic flow. This is to provide a clear understanding of advantages and limitations associated with different BLC strategies. The traditional BLC techniques, including suction, blowing, and vortex generators, have limitations and drawbacks that can cause major repercussions. The review compares the modern developments in BLC while high-lighted key challenges such as energy cost, durability and scalability. Suggestions for future improvement include hybrid control systems that combine passive and active elements, model predictive control (MPC), artificial intelligence (AI), and real-time monitoring via the Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome these constraints. From this comparative and forward-looking approach, a better airplane performance and sustainability flying can be resulted through increasingly intelligent and effective BLC systems.