Optimisation of Demand‐Oriented Train Timetabling With Integrated Skip‐Stopping and Passenger Routing Considering Multi‐Speed Types

ABSTRACT Designing train timetables that meet passenger demand is of significant importance to railway operators. Considering the coupled relationship between train timetable, train stop planning and passenger routing, this paper investigates the integrated optimisation problem of the three under demand‐driven conditions. Specifically, we firstly consider two speed types of trains, design a multi‐layer space‐time network with train and passenger layers and construct an integer linear programming (ILP) model aimed at minimising the total passenger travel cost. Based on the characteristics of the model, Lagrangian relaxation (LR) is applied to decompose the train safety constraints and train capacity constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm was validated through an experiment on the Wuhan‐Guangzhou South High‐Speed Railway (HSR) in China, and the impact of ticket price on passenger routing was analysed.