Studies of the shape of the free flow surface formed on a concentrated drop

The methodology for calculating the fracture of ice fields on a concentrated drop is based on a large database of initial data, including the shape of the free flow surface and the speed of movement of ice floes. The relevance of the topic under consideration is beyond doubt. In this connection, it becomes necessary to conduct a series of laboratory studies, the purpose of which is to describe the free flow surface at the drop. The destruction of ice fields and the provision of successful passage through waterworks is possible with the creation of the threshold-weir system, in which their mutual influence on the formation of velocities and free surface takes place. Currently, there are no reliable ways to plot free surface curves above the threshold and weirs. The paper sets out the tasks of studying the effect of the presence of a concentrated drop on the position of the free surface of the flow and the dynamics of the movement of ice floes during the spring ice drift. The methods of performing the tasks are based on experimental research. Laboratory studies on the movement of ice floes through a concentrated drop were carried out on a specially created installation. At the same time, the criteria of similarity and scale of modeling were selected. Equations for determining the velocities of ice floes on the approach to the main spillway are obtained. Studies of the free flow surface have made it possible to obtain empirical dependences for their description, which are also necessary when performing calculations on ice breakage. A comparison of laboratory and theoretical research data was performed, which showed sufficient convergence. Practical recommendations on the use of the obtained results are given.