Insights into the Fate and Risk Identification of Cyantraniliprole and Lufenuron Based on Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis)

The fate and risk identification of cyantraniliprole (CYA) and lufenuron (LUF) in pak choi were systematically analyzed through an investigation comprising field trials, dissipation kinetics, and dietary risk assessment. Initially, field experiments across ten Chinese provinces revealed half-lives of 3.04–5.41 d for CYA and 2.02–5.13 d for LUF, with dissipation following single first-order (SFO) kinetics or double first-order in parallel (DFOP) kinetics. Terminal residues (<limit of quantification (LOQ) to 0.29 mg/kg) were below maximum residue limits. Dissipation rates were significantly influenced by temperature, climate, and crop growth stage. Additionally, the multidimensional dietary assessment using deterministic and probabilistic models revealed acceptable long-term risk levels for CYA and LUF among consumer groups (risk quotients < 28.4%). Overall, this first comprehensive study from cultivation to consumption provides crucial insights for rational pesticide use in pak choi.