Przezustna endoskopowa miotomia w leczeniu achalazji wpustu – opis przypadku

Achalasia is an uncommon primary motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and loss of coordinated peristalsis in the esophageal body. Its pathogenesis is linked to inflammatory degeneration of inhibitory myenteric neurons that normally release nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The condition affects both sexes and occurs most often between 25 and 60 years of age, with incidence rising steadily in later decades. Achalasia accounts for approximately 70% of primary esophageal motility disorders, with an annual incidence of about 1.6 cases per 100 000 population. The median diagnostic delay is 4.7 years. Hallmark clinical features include progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids, chest pain, regurgitation of undigested food or saliva, and unintended weight loss. Early recognition and timely intervention are essential to prevent long-term complications and to improve quality of life.