Lupulin in the land of maize: the future of hops in Mexico

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a cornerstone of the global brewing industry, prized for its unique aromatic, bittering, and preservative properties. Despite Mexico’s position as the world’s leading malt beer exporter, domestic hop production remains negligible, with breweries relying heavily on imports. This review examines the environmental, agronomic, and infrastructural constraints limiting hop cultivation in Mexico, particularly suboptimal photoperiods, insufficient winter chilling, and limited access to propagation material. Drawing from recent advances in plant science and biotechnology, we explore promising solutions including artificial lighting, hydroponic systems, micropropagation, and speed breeding. We highlight case studies of pioneering Mexican growers and propose a strategic path toward the development of locally adapted hop cultivars. By leveraging precision agriculture and fostering collaborations among farmers, researchers, and brewers, Mexico can establish a resilient and innovative hop industry. This article provides a scientific framework to support that transformation, with the goal of aligning local cultivation practices with the demands of a dynamic national and international beer market.