Uncovering the barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises

Purpose Women entrepreneurs in developing countries face significant constraints while striving to enhance their businesses in highly competitive environments. This study aims to enrich the understanding of women’s entrepreneurship in Pakistan by identifying and addressing the barriers they face. It highlights the need to eradicate these barriers to boost business performance. Design/methodology/approach Targeting women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan, the study used a multi-criteria decision-making model based on the analytical hierarchy process. Through a literature review and consultations with 127 experts, 10 main barrier categories and 50 sub-categories were identified and ranked. Key barriers include lack of entrepreneurial skills, macro business environment and social networking. A sensitivity analysis further evaluated the stability of these rankings. Findings The findings suggest that women entrepreneurs should persist despite these challenges. However, identifying barriers alone is insufficient; strategic interventions are essential for significant business growth. This research supports the support program for women entrepreneurs, governmental officials and practitioners in empowering women entrepreneurs. Originality/value By tackling critical barriers, this study supports national economic growth by strengthening women’s soft skills and promoting the development of SMEs.