GIS-Based Assessment Model of Resilient Management and Monitoring of Water Resources

Introduction. The management and efficient use of water resources is a crucial and extremely acute problem. This study focuses on geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool for the resilient management and monitoring of water resources. The objective was to create and implement a GIS-based model for managing and monitoring water resources by developing a system of indicators. This model presents future scenarios for Bulgaria based on the assessment of indicators for resilient management and the efficient use of water resources. Aim and tasks. This study aims to develop and implement a GIS-based model that integrates technical, economic, social, and environmental indicators for the resilient management and monitoring of water resources in Bulgaria. This study focuses on opportunities to improve the effective management and rational allocation of water resources in Bulgaria using geographic information systems. Results. A comprehensive system of indicators for assessing sustainable water management in Bulgaria was developed, considering economic, technical, social, and environmental criteria. The calculation of the composite index showed a low level of efficiency, and the main problems were water losses during transportation of up to 55-60%, a reduction in investments in wastewater disposal by 40% (2016-2023) and a low level of reuse of treated wastewater. The GIS-based model revealed significant territorial differences in the state of water resources and consumption in Bulgaria. Key problems include high losses in the water supply network, water use for hydropower, and poor water infrastructure, which affect the resilience of water management. Irrational consumption and storage may lead to serious water supply issues in key regions of the country. Conclusions. Geographic information systems enable the improvement of water resource management by integrating and processing large amounts of data. In response to the identified research questions, the current state of Bulgaria’s water sector was analysed and assessed. The key factors affecting the sustainable management and use of water resources and territorial imbalances in rational water use were identified. Developing a comprehensive strategy that includes infrastructure modernisation, introducing water-saving technologies and improved management efficiency can overcome structural problems in the water sector and prevent water resource shortages.