Capacity Configuration and Benefit Assessment of Deep-Sea Wind–Hydrogen System Considering Dynamic Hydrogen Price

Against the backdrop of the global transition towards clean energy, deep-sea wind-power hydrogen production integrates offshore wind with green hydrogen technology. Addressing the technical coupling complexity and the impact of uncertain hydrogen prices, this paper develops a capacity optimization model. The model incorporates floating wind turbine output, the technical distinctions between alkaline (ALK) electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, and the synergy with energy storage. Under three hydrogen price scenarios, the results demonstrate that as the price increases from 26 CNY/kg to 30 CNY/kg, the optimal ALK capacity decreases from 2.92 MW to 0.29 MW, while the PEM capacity increases from 3.51 MW to 5.51 MW. Correspondingly, the system’s Net Present Value (NPV) exhibits an upward trend. To address the limitations of traditional methods in handling multi-dimensional benefit correlations and information ambiguity, a comprehensive benefit evaluation framework encompassing economic, technical, environmental, and social synergies was constructed. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the comprehensive benefit level falls within a relatively high-efficiency interval. The numerical characteristics, an entropy value of 3.29 and a hyper-entropy of 0.85, demonstrate compact result distribution and robust stability, validating the applicability and stability of the proposed offshore wind–hydrogen benefit assessment model.