Energy Storage Capacity Configuration and Scheduling Method for Microgrid Considering Demand Response

In recent years, with the development of the electricity market, electricity users have also been able to participate in electricity trading. The energy storage capacity configuration of microgrids with renewable energy considering demand response is of great significance for reducing microgrid costs, improving renewable energy consumption levels, and enhancing microgrid performance. This study first establishes a microgrid model considering demand response. Constraints and economic models of the microgrid are then provided to obtain the cost of the microgrid. To identify the energy storage capacity and the energy scheduling strategy that minimizes the operation cost of the microgrid, this study proposes a two-layer optimization model. The inner layer uses solvers to optimize the transferable loads, interruptible loads, and the energy storage power under the demand response mechanism to minimize the short-term cost. The outer layer uses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the energy storage capacity and minimize the long-term cost. A case analysis shows that the demand response mechanism and reasonable energy storage configuration have a significant effect on reducing the operation cost of the microgrid. In addition, energy storage can reduce power fluctuations in connecting lines and improve the stability of the microgrid.