Ultrasonic extraction of tannins from native caatinga species for use as a biocoagulant in the brewing industry

The growing demand for sustainable industrial practices has driven the search for eco-friendly alternatives in the treatment of brewery effluents. Tannin-derived bio-based coagulants have emerged as promising substitutes for inorganic coagulants, which pose risks to both the environment and human health. This review aims to examine the development of bio-based coagulants through ultrasound-assisted tannin extraction, as well as their application in the treatment of brewery effluents. Studies indicate that ultrasound-assisted extraction is effective in obtaining tannins and yields better performance compared to conventional methods. In the context of breweries, bio-based coagulants have demonstrated high efficiency in turbidity and color removal, with the added advantage of generating biodegradable sludge. Additionally, several native species from the Caatinga biome are known to have potential for tannin extraction, although many remain unexplored for industrial wastewater treatment purposes. It can be concluded that the combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and the use of bio-based coagulants represents a promising and environmentally friendly strategy for industrial wastewater treatment, with potential for large-scale application. However, further research is required to assess the economic and operational feasibility of these technologies.