Analyzing Use of Official Websites for Stakeholder Communication in Nepal’s Private Hydropower Projects

In recent years, the role of the private sector in hydroelectric power generation in Nepal has grown substantially, intensifying the need for effective stakeholder communication, particularly with local communities. As digital technologies evolve, private hydropower developers increasingly rely on online platforms, particularly official websites, to disseminate project-related information. However, the extent to which these digital channels are strategically employed for stakeholder engagement remains unclear. This study addresses this research gap by examining the communication tools adopted by private-sector hydropower projects in Nepal, with a specific focus on the use and effectiveness of official websites. Survey and content analysis methods were employed, combining a survey of 100 randomly selected private hydropower projects with content analysis of project websites. Among these, 71 projects maintained active official websites, of which, 44 published stakeholder-targeted messages. Across all projects, 450 messages were identified, with websites accounting for the largest share (194), followed by traditional channels such as meetings, social media, and mass media. The findings reveal that while digital platforms, particularly websites, are becoming central to stakeholder communication, they are not sufficient as standalone tools. A multi-channel communication strategy integrating both digital and traditional media is essential to ensure inclusive and effective stakeholder engagement. This study contributes to the broader discourse on digital engagement in infrastructure development and offers practical insights for policymakers and private developers aiming to enhance participatory communication in the hydropower sector.