Quantum key distribution-as-a-service for end-to-end security in multi-orchestrated 6G networks

This paper introduces quantum key distribution-as-a-service (QKDaaS) to address the end-to-end security challenges posed by the involvement of multiple orchestrators in 6G networks. These networks require seamless coordination of processes from endpoints to services, with tiered components supporting data-driven and cross-layer predictive procedures. While multi-party (spanning multiple domains, tenants, and providers) enhances local security through advanced controls, it also complicates the implementation of an end-to-end security framework that is essential for mobile network operators. To address this issue, we propose QKDaaS, a secure platform that leverages a fibre transport network for credential and encryption key distribution in multi-party environments. The solution uses wavelength multiplexing to integrate quantum and classical channels within a single fibre. Both C-band and O-band quantum channels are considered, with classical communication in the C-band. The simulation results show that with the currently available experimental setup and mobile network requirements, secure keys can be generated for distances approaching 100 km in the C-band and 60 km in the O-band case. This means that QKDaaS can be deployed in mobile network operators’ current transport infrastructures.