Optimizing control and management of hybrid power system, consisting PV-wind and battery-super capacitor, using COOT algorithm

Integrating renewable energies into the grid creates many problems, including the injection of harmonics. This research aims to maximize the energy extracted from PV arrays and wind turbines while minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) injected into the grid. For that, we propose to study a grid-connected hybrid power system with a hybrid storage system consisting of batteries and a supercapacitor. Several control loops are required for the system, such as: MPPT for wind systems, Machine-Side Converter for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Supercapacitor, and Grid-Side Converter (GSC). Previous works have used traditional PI controllers in these loops, but in our work, we propose a cascade PI-PID controller optimized with the COOT bird algorithm and the results were compared with a GA-tuned PI controller. The proposed approach demonstrated superior performance in settling time and reducing current and voltage oscillations, achieving a 30% and 81% reduction in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. To eliminate peaks produced by the PI-PID controller, a supercapacitor system was incorporated and it effectively reduced these peaks. Additionally, a more realistic simulation scenario was proposed to test the system, involving variable sunlight, fluctuating wind speed, battery limits, and a load similar to real-life scenarios. Our energy management strategy efficiently maximized renewable energy exploitation while ensuring system stability.