Moringa oleifera: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemistry, Traditional and Modern Applications, and Future Prospects

Abstract: Moringa oleifera, commonly known as the drumstick tree or miracle tree, has received significant global attention owing to its rich nutritional profile, wide spectrum of phytochemicals, and diverse pharmacological activities. Traditionally valued in Ayurveda and African folk medicine, moringa is now recognized in modern pharmacology for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. This review synthesizes available literature on its phytochemistry, bioavailability challenges, nutritional benefits, therapeutic applications, socio-cultural barriers, safety aspects, and potential policy-level integration into public health programs. Case studies highlight its impact on combating malnutrition in developing regions. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern science, moringa emerges as a sustainable, multipurpose crop with immense relevance in global health and nutrition security.