Frequency and structure of endocrine diseases in patients with endometrial cancer

Background. Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. According to the ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines, metabolic and endocrine factors are recognized as key modifiable risk factors for the development of EC. The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency and types of endocrine pathology in patients with endometrial cancer. Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted of 674 patients with stage I–IV EC who received treatment at the Precarpathian Clinical Oncology Center from 2021 to 2024. The patients’ age ranged from 28 to 83 years, with an average of 62.4 ± 2.3 years. Results. Most participants — 436 (64.7 %) — were women over 60 years. In 401 (59.5 %) individuals, the body mass index exceeded 35 kg/m2 and was on average 38.4 kg/m2. One of the main causes of EC is an increase in body mass index. Patients with overweight, obesity class I prevailed — 244 (36.2 %). Thyroid pathology was diagnosed in 253 (37.5 %) cases. Among thyroid diseases, nodular goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis were most common — 146 (21.7 %) and 71 (10.5 %) cases, respectively. The frequency of diabetes mellitus among the examined women was 37.8 %, which corresponds to 255 cases. In patients with EC, type 2 diabetes mellitus prevailed, it was diagnosed in 247 (36.6 %) cases. In women with EC and concomitant endocrine pathology, complications arise in the postoperative period: the most frequent one was healing of the postoperative wound per secundam in patients with severe forms of diabetes mellitus in the stage of subcompensation/decompensation and when combined with obesity. Conclusions. Endocrine pathology was detected in 67.4 % of women with EC, with obesity being the most frequent one — 418 (62.0 %) cases. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases were diagnosed with the same frequency in patients with EC: 255 (37.8 %) and 253 (37.5 %) cases, respectively. 36 (5.4 %) women with EC had a history of polycystic ovary syndrome. Also, patients with EC had a combined pathology (obesity + diabetes mellitus; thyroid disease + polycystic ovary syndrome). Women with EC and concomitant endocrine disorder often had complications in the postoperative period.