Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Based Adaptive Multipath Routing Protocol for Improving Wireless Network

Over the past decade, numerous routing algorithms have been proposed for ad hoc wireless networks, though many require high bandwidth for complete routing processes. To address this, we focus on real-time dataset transmission under low-bandwidth conditions and introduce secure message delivery systems. However, existing methods often suffer from high packet delay and issues with inferring the routing path. To overcome these challenges, we propose the Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocol (EEORP), which enhances accuracy and reliability while conserving energy. We also introduce Neighbor-Aware Random Sampling (NARS) to estimate performance and resource availability using probability <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Pi$</tex> at each node. Additionally, the Adaptive Multipath Routing Protocol (AMPRP) evaluates node performance within neighbour clusters and calculates energy transmission ratios. The results demonstrate improved throughput, higher detection rates, reduced energy consumption and delay, achieving an overall performance of 95%. These proposed methods select optimal forwarding nodes and measure energy efficiency using both adjustable and non-adjustable parameters.