High-Purity OAM Beam Generation Using Wire Antenna for 6G Wireless Networks

The generation of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams plays a critical role in improving spectral efficiency for 6G wireless networks. This paper presents a compact wire antenna configured in a tilted circular arrangement to generate OAM modes at 5 GHz. The proposed antenna consists of six metallic elements precisely positioned to produce circular polarization, achieving spatially progressive phase shifts essential for OAM beam formation. Left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) is utilized for OAM mode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$l=+1$</tex>, while right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) is used for OAM mode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$l=-1$</tex>. The simulation results demonstrate a peak gain of 2 dBi, an angular spread of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pm 30^{\circ}$</tex>, and strong rotational symmetry in the azimuthal plane. Numerical analysis confirms that the antenna successfully produces high-purity OAM modes. The proposed design offers a low-cost, compact solution for high-capacity wireless communication, imaging, sensing, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications in future 6G networks.