Hebbian-Based Energy Management Control for Hybrid EV Charging and Hydrogen Production

This paper presents a grid-supportive hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) charging station integrating photovoltaic (PV) arrays, battery energy storage (BES), and an electrolyser for hydrogen production. A Hebbian-based least mean square (HLMS) control algorithm is employed for the voltage source converter (VSC) to enable optimal power flow, grid interconnection, and continuous hydrogen generation. The PV array is connected via a boost converter using maximum power point tracking (MPPT), while an interleaved buck converter feeds the electrolyser with reduced losses and improved efficiency. The battery energy storage (BES) is integrated through a bidirectional DC-DC converter to support dynamic charging/discharging. The system maintains optimal operation under varying solar insolation, load changes, and electrolyser/BES modes. Simulation and experimental results confirm effective performance, achieving a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2.02%, continuous hydrogen production of 30 kg, and IEEE-519-2022 compliance. The HLMS controller offers fast convergence (29.45 ms), low steady-state error (0.42 A), short settling time (4.67 ms), and enhanced tracking accuracy with reduced computational complexity. This work demonstrates a sustainable and practical solution for future EV charging stations, promoting renewable energy integration and clean hydrogen-based transportation.