Integrated Optimization Approach for High-Speed Railway Rescheduling With Passenger Transfer and Compensation Mechanisms

High-speed railway operations are frequently disrupted by both external and internal factors. This study addresses train rescheduling and passenger reassignment in high-speed railway systems with seat reservation mechanisms by considering both operator and passenger perspectives and incorporating passenger compensation strategies to enhance service quality. The impacts of disruptions are quantified in terms of train delay costs and passenger compensation costs. An integrated mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is developed to minimize the weighted total operating cost, subject to constraints on train operations, station and track capacities, train capacities, and passenger boarding, transfer, and compensation rules. To solve the proposed model, a BD-RH computational framework is introduced by combining Benders decomposition (BD) and the rolling horizon (RH) algorithm, which decomposes the integrated problem into a train rescheduling master problem and a passenger reassignment subproblem for iterative optimization. Numerical experiments on both an artificial network and a subnetwork of China’s high-speed railway system validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. The findings provide actionable guidance for formulating passenger compensation strategies and passenger-oriented rescheduling strategies.