Rola receptorów aktywowanych przez proliferatory peroksysomów (PPAR) w gonadzie męskiej i prostacie

So far, three types of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have been characterized: PPARα, PPARβ (also known as δ) and PPARγ, each characterized by different expression, localization and role. PPAR receptors regulate a number of processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism, adipogenesis and inflammation. Literature data also indicate their key role in maintaining the balance of sex hormone levels and the function of the male reproductive system. The involvement of PPAR in the male gonad has been demonstrated by their effect on the testis morphology as well as steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis and sperm motility. In the prostate, PPAR regulate lipid synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and the maintenance of prostate secretory functions. Disruption of PPAR signaling in the male gonad and prostate results in its structural and functional changes, which can even lead to carcinogenesis. Importantly, further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of PPAR action in the male reproductive system may contribute to understanding the course of certain pathologies and developing methods for their treatment.