Bibliometric Analysis of Instructional Models in Physical Education: From Direct Instruction to Transformative Learning

Background. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends related to instructional models in physical education over the period 2015–2024. Objectives. Utilizing the Scopus database and analyzed through Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, the study aimed to map the scientific landscape surrounding the evolving pedagogical approaches from Direct Instruction to Cooperative and Transformative Learning. Materials and Methods. The analysis was conducted using data extracted from the Scopus database, processed with Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to examine publication trends, author productivity, collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence. Results. The findings reveal a consistent annual growth rate of 25.99% in publication, with significant contributions originating from Spain, China, and the United States. Javier Fernández-Río has been identified as the most productive and highly cited author. Journals such as Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health have emerged as leading publication outlets. Author and country collaboration maps highlight the strong presence of research networks, particularly in Europe. Keyword co-occurrence analysis indicates the emergence of new themes, including cooperative learning, hybrid instructional models, digital technology integration, and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Conclusions. These findings reflect a paradigm shift in physical education pedagogy from traditional methods towardsmore collaborative, reflective, and sustainability-oriented teaching models. The study provides insights into emerging research opportunities and offers implications for future curriculum innovation in physical education.