๐‘š-Symmetric functions, non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials and positivity conjectures

We study the space, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R Subscript m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R_m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric functions consisting of polynomials that are symmetric in the variables <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x Subscript m plus 1 Baseline comma x Subscript m plus 2 Baseline comma x Subscript m plus 3 Baseline comma ellipsis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> โ€ฆ </mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_{m+1},x_{m+2},x_{m+3},\dots</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> but have no special symmetry in the variables <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x 1 comma ellipsis comma x Subscript m Baseline"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> โ€ฆ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_1,\dots ,x_m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We obtain <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Macdonald polynomials by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetrizing non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials, and show that they form a basis of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R Subscript m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R_m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We define <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Schur functions through a somewhat complicated process involving their dual basis, multi-Schur functions, and the Hecke algebra generators, and then prove some of their most elementary properties. We conjecture that the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Macdonald polynomials (suitably normalized and plethystically modified) expand positively in terms of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Schur functions. We obtain relations on the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis q comma t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(q,t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -Koska coefficients <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper K Subscript normal upper Omega normal upper Lamda Baseline left-parenthesis q comma t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ฮฉ </mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ฮ› </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:m

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Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2025-09-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9351
Primary Topic
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
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article

๐‘š-Symmetric functions, non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials and positivity conjectures

Luc Lapointe
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
article

๐‘š-Symmetric functions, non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials and positivity conjectures

Luc Lapointe
article en

Abstract

We study the space, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R Subscript m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R_m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric functions consisting of polynomials that are symmetric in the variables <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x Subscript m plus 1 Baseline comma x Subscript m plus 2 Baseline comma x Subscript m plus 3 Baseline comma ellipsis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> โ€ฆ </mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_{m+1},x_{m+2},x_{m+3},\dots</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> but have no special symmetry in the variables <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x 1 comma ellipsis comma x Subscript m Baseline"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> โ€ฆ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x_1,\dots ,x_m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We obtain <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Macdonald polynomials by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetrizing non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials, and show that they form a basis of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R Subscript m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R_m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We define <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Schur functions through a somewhat complicated process involving their dual basis, multi-Schur functions, and the Hecke algebra generators, and then prove some of their most elementary properties. We conjecture that the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Macdonald polynomials (suitably normalized and plethystically modified) expand positively in terms of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="m"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">m</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -symmetric Schur functions. We obtain relations on the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis q comma t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(q,t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -Koska coefficients <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper K Subscript normal upper Omega normal upper Lamda Baseline left-parenthesis q comma t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ฮฉ </mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ฮ› </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:m

Transactions of the American Mathematical SocietyVol. 378(12)
University of Talca (CL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 66%
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
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