Effects of Self-Recognized Mistakes during Rally-Point Sport Matches on Subsequent Psychological, Physiological, Behavioral, and Performance Responses

Although making a mistake under pressure increases the likelihood of another mistake occurring in the next play, it is unclear why mistakes have negative consequences. This study examined the effects of self-recognized mistakes on subsequent psychological, physiological, behavioral, and performance responses. Semi-structured interviews about memorable mistakes made during a match were conducted with 12 university student athletes (six men and six women) in volleyball, tennis, and table tennis. The main questions were about the situation, feelings, thoughts, and physiological symptoms at the time of the mistake, as well as the effect of this mistake on subsequent play. Data from these interviews were analyzed using Steps for Coding and Theorization. The results of the analysis revealed that negative psychological effects such as impatience and guilt, negative physiological effects such as physical discomfort, and negative behavioral effects such as safety-oriented strategies impaired performance. Moreover, teamwork and confidence had the potential to prevent the negative effects of mistakes. In addition, positive psychological effects, such as increased motivation and concentration, occurred after the mistakes.