Enhancing Student Intelligence and Memory through Metacognitive Strategies: Insights from Classroom Practices in Secondary Education of South Punjab

This study investigates the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between memorization and intelligence among students of secondary schools in South Punjab, Pakistan. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 393 students selected through stratified random sampling. A structured 50-item questionnaire measured metacognitive knowledge, regulation, memorization strategies, and intelligence. Reliability and validity were ensured through confirmatory factor analysis, while SPSS v.25 and SmartPLS v.4.0 were employed for analysis. Results revealed that metacognition was positively associated with both memorization and intelligence, and significantly mediated their relationship. Male students outperformed females in metacognitive knowledge and intelligence, though memorization showed no significant gender differences. The findings suggest that memorization provides the foundation of knowledge, but metacognitive regulation transforms it into meaningful application. The study recommends integrating metacognitive training into teaching and curricula to enhance reflective learning and foster higher-order thinking among secondary school learners.