Numerical investigation of intake flow dynamics in hydrogen-fueled engines

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of hydrogen injection in a modified intake system of a small industrial internal combustion engine. Two injector positions (8 mm and 12 mm from the valve stem axis) and two injection profiles were evaluated for their impact on in-cylinder mixture formation. The results indicate that injector placement significantly affects hydrogen jet penetration and turbulence interaction. A more gradual injection profile produced better mixture homogeneity. The 8 mm configuration with Profile B demonstrated the most uniform distribution, which is favorable for combustion stability and NOx emission reduction. These findings support the need for integrated optimization of intake geometry and fuel delivery strategies in hydrogen engines.