Robust unmanned aerial vehicles tracking amid electronic interference utilizing auxiliary particle filtering

Electronic interference poses a significant challenge to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tracking systems, compromising navigation accuracy and operational safety in critical applications such as surveillance, disaster response, and infrastructure inspection. This study introduces a novel application of the Auxiliary Particle Filter (APF) for robust UAV tracking under interference conditions, focusing on fixed-reference scenarios. The APF incorporates adaptive proposal distributions and robust weight updates to effectively mitigate interference-induced measurement errors. Through comprehensive simulation that evaluates performance under varying interference and sensor degradation scenarios, the APF demonstrates superior accuracy, achieving a mean Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4.82 meters with low variability ([Formula: see text]m). This significantly outperforms traditional filters, including the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Notably, the APF maintains stable performance even under severe interference conditions, where conventional approaches exhibit substantial degradation. Statistical validation confirms these improvements across all test scenarios (p < 0.001). The detailed implementation guidelines provided in this study enable adoption across diverse operational contexts. These findings establish the APF as a robust and reliable solution for interference-prone environments and lay the groundwork for its adaptation to more dynamic tracking scenarios in autonomous UAV operations.