Low-carbon optimization of the grinding wheel spindle system considering thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics

As the manufacturing industry demands increasingly precise machining, the importance of low-carbon design for grinding wheel spindle systems has grown significantly. In the context of efforts to enhance machine tool efficiency and promote energy conservation and carbon reduction, this paper introduces a low-carbon optimization design method for the grinding wheel spindle system. The proposed method considers thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics, aiming to improve the efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. Firstly, the thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of the grinding wheel spindle system are analyzed, and the carbon emissions quantification model is established. Then, a multi-objective optimization model is established, with the average temperature, carbon emissions, and maximum deformation of the grinding wheel spindle system serving as the optimization objectives. This model is solved by using the improved Black-winged Kite optimization Algorithm (BKA) based on the CNN proxy model. A case study demonstrates that, when thermal balance is not reached, the maximum deformation of the grinding wheel spindle system is reduced by 20.25%, the average temperature is reduced by 6.81%, and the carbon emissions are reduced by 8.45%. After thermal equilibrium is reached, the maximum deformation is further reduced by 33.33%, the corresponding average temperature is reduced by 15.38%, and the carbon emissions are reduced by 15.93%. These results validate the proposed optimization method and provide support for the low-carbon design optimization of grinding machines, considering the thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics.