Integrating Solar Energy into German Vineyards: A Geospatial Framework for Identifying Agrivoltaic Potential

This study quantifies where agrivoltaics can be feasibly implemented in German viticulture and presents a transparent GIS pre-screening framework for vineyards. Using plot-level cadastral data from Rhineland-Palatinate (54,078 ha planted area; covering 65% of Germany’s vineyard area), we integrate grid distance to the nearest connection point, slope, and planting year to identify technically and agronomically suitable sites. Under a 1000 m grid distance threshold, 44% of the planted area falls within potential connection range (15.6 GWp at 0.65 MWp per hectare). Across deployment scenarios, the feasible area spans 1.5–26.1% (0.52–9.17 GWp), with a balanced setting yielding 7.6% (2.68 GWp). We also conducted a one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis; the qualitative ranking of constraints is robust to a ±15% capacity-per-hectare band. The framework identifies plot-level feasibility under stated constraints and indicates where near-term implementation is most likely.