Sleep quality by clinical training status among medical students and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study in Da Nang, Vietnam

Sleep is a vital physiological process affecting physical, mental well-being, and cognitive performance, but it is not well studied in Vietnam medical students. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality among Vietnamese medical students and identify associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2024 among all medical students at the University of Danang, Vietnam. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire about the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), demographic, mental health, and sleep-related characteristics. Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). The study found that 45.8% of participants (264/577) (95% CI: 41.7-49.8%) had poor sleep quality, with a mean PSQI score of 5.4 ± 2.3. Clinical students had a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality (51.8%) than preclinical students (40.0%) (p = 0.005). In multivariable analysis, clinical training (PR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.14-1.65), lower academic performance (PR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.08-1.89), noise (PR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.19-1.86), light disturbance during sleep (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.04-1.53), stress (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.00-1.48), anxiety (PR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.15-1.78), and depression (PR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.07-1.57) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. In conclusion, poor sleep quality was highly prevalent, especially among clinical-year students.