EU Bioenergy—Status and Potential

In the interest of climate protection and the promotion of a sustainable economy, the European Union (EU) is pursuing a policy of transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energies. The objective of this initiative is twofold: first, to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and second, to decrease the reliance on energy imports. This article utilizes publicly accessible databases and studies to assess the extent to which bioenergy (including fuels, heat, and electricity) contributes to these objectives and its long-term potential. Presently, bioenergy constitutes approximately 14% of Europe’s energy supply, with a share of 60% ranking as the foremost source of renewable energy. The evaluation of bioenergy-related GHG is hindered by the fact that the official databases do not satisfy the criteria necessary for scientific analysis. Further expansion of bioenergy should be based on European non-food biomass, as required by the current Renewable Energy Directive REDIII. Taking competing non-energy uses into account, the potential for further growth, contribution to total energy supply, and independence from imports is likely to be limited. As part of the strategic development of bioenergy, there is a considerable need for research into the use of biomass for competing energy and material use pathways, taking into account the different economic potential. To this end, the introduction of a new economic indicator of value creation intensity is proposed.