Dyeing of genetically modified cotton varieties considering their structural characteristics

This study presents the results of a comprehensive investigation into the dyeing processes of genetically modified cotton varieties—Porlok-1 (P-1), Porlok-2 (P-2), and Porlok-4 (P-4)—with consideration of their morphological and structural characteristics. Particular attention is given to the comparative analysis of the newly zoned variety C-6524, developed through RNA interference technology and hybridization with various recipient genotypes. It was found that the chemical composition of the fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin does not differ significantly; however, notable variations were observed in α-cellulose content, degree of polymerization, fiber strength, staple length, and volumetric-structural parameters. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in crystallinity, crystallite size, and interplanar spacing, which directly affect the sorption properties of the fibers. The amount of absorbed and fixed dye depends on the micro- and macrostructure of the fibers, including total pore volume, number of fibers in the yarn, cross-sectional void area, and macromolecular orientation. The findings demonstrate that the structural features of genetically modified fibers enhance the efficiency and quality of the dyeing process, ensuring more uniform dye distribution, improved resistance to external factors, and better aesthetic properties of textile materials. The work opens up prospects for further improvement of textile dyeing technologies.