Microwave Resonant Probe-Based Defect Detection for Butt Fusion Joints in High-Density Polyethylene Pipes

With the widespread use of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes in various industrial and municipal applications, ensuring the structural integrity of their joints is crucial. This paper presents a novel defect detection method based on a microwave resonant probe, designed to perform efficient and non-destructive evaluation of butt fusion joints in HDPE pipes. The experimental setup integrates a microwave antenna and resonant cavity to record real-time variations in resonance frequency and S₂₁ magnitude while scanning the pipe surface. This method effectively detects common defects, including cracks, holes, and inclusions, within the butt fusion joints. The results show that the microwave resonant probe exhibits high sensitivity in detecting HDPE pipe defects. It can identify different sizes of cracks and holes, and can distinguish between talc powder and sand particles. This technique offers a promising solution for pipeline health monitoring, particularly for evaluating the quality of welded joints in non-metallic materials.