Research on a Multi-Objective Optimal Scheduling Method for Microgrids Based on the Tuned Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy in power systems, the multi-objective optimal scheduling of microgrids has become increasingly complex. Traditional optimization methods face limitations when addressing high-dimensional, nonlinear, and multi-constrained models. This study proposes a multi-objective optimal scheduling method for microgrids based on the Tuned Dung Beetle Optimization (TDBO) algorithm, aiming to simultaneously minimize operational and environmental costs while satisfying a variety of physical and engineering constraints. The proposed TDBO algorithm integrates multiple strategic mechanisms—including task allocation, spiral search, Lévy flight, opposition-based learning, and Gaussian perturbation—to significantly enhance global exploration and local exploitation capabilities. On the modeling side, a high-dimensional decision-making model is developed, encompassing photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, diesel generators, gas turbines, energy storage systems, and grid interaction. A dual-objective scheduling framework is constructed, incorporating operational economics, environmental sustainability, and physical constraints of the equipment. Simulation experiments conducted under typical scenarios demonstrate that TDBO outperforms both the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and the original DBO in terms of solution quality, convergence speed, and result stability. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with benchmark algorithms, the proposed TDBO achieves a 2.24–6.18% reduction in average total cost, improves convergence speed by 27.3%, and decreases solution standard deviation by 18.8–23.5%. These quantitative results highlight the superior optimization accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of TDBO in multi-objective microgrid scheduling. The results confirm that the proposed method can effectively improve renewable energy utilization and reduce system operating costs and carbon emissions, and holds significant theoretical value and engineering application potential.